Marine Biology Diaz de Leon Homework #3 due:

FISH, BIRDS & REPTILES & Pinnipeds etc

PRIOR to the fish workshop read all text material on fish. Use the index to locate fish material in various chapters. Take hand written notes and study everything on fish anatomy and functional morphology. Closed textbook (open note)workshop. Be prepared!

Vocab: Define and discuss with your study group these terms.

gill rakers esophogus elasmobranchs chondrichthyes

osteichthyes protandrous protogynous parthenogenetic

biparental live bearing chromatophores warning coloration

myoglobin lateral line counter shading otoliths

oviparous viviparous ovoviviparous glycogen guano tetrapod osmosis ampullae of Lorenzini claspers gestation placenta intrauterine cannibalism

spiracles spiral valve gill arch spawn swim bladder incidental take/kill cartilage operculum

tetrapod poikilotherms homeotherms salt glands

guano ecological equivalents mammary glands

pinniped Enhydra lutris Ursus maritimus otarid

phocid sexual dimorphism gregarious polygamy

1. Discuss sex in sharks and bony fish include parental care "options" among osteichthyes & chondrichthyes. Remember to include investments made during gestation as well as after.

2. Compare and contrast red and white muscle in fish. What sorts of fish would you expect to find with higher than average red:white ratios? (lower?)

3. How do chondrichthyes differ from osteichthyes? List as many differences as you can find in your text and notes. Diagram the anatomy of a fish and a shark. Show both internal and external structures. Include close-up views of organ systems which are difficult to present clearly in the over-all picture.

4. How do fish differ from other vertebrates?

5. Correct, complete, and study your returned fish functional morphology workshop materials.

6. Describe the life cycle of Chelonia mydas.

7. What are the 4 Orders of birds considered”seabirds”?

8. Explain the differences between offshore and onshore feeders among breeding birds. Give examples of convergence.

9. What are some generalities about seabird reproduction? (not true of all birds)

10. From your text discuss seabird feeding adaptations.

11. Describe the life cycle of Chelonia mydas. See your text.

12. Who is Amblyrhynchus cristatus? Where does it live? See your text.

13. What are the major groups of seabirds? How are they distinguished from each other?

14. Seabirds which nest on cliffs or islands can be grouped into two ecological categories: offshore vs. inshore feeders. Explain this difference and the life history traits which tend to be associated with each.

15. Compare and contrast phocids and otarids in terms of A) morphology and B) reproductive biology. Which pinniped is like a typical phocid in A but more like an otarid in B? How is that Genus classified? Why?

16. Which marine mammal lacks blubber? What two things must it do constantly to keep warm?

19. Which Order of marine mammals were named for a resemblance to mermaids? What two types of animals belong in this Order? What do they eat?