Marine Biology Diaz de Leon HOMEWORK #4 due:

Cetaceans and polar and Pelagic

NOTE: For the MARINE VERTEBRATE WORKSHOP you will give a presentation on a recent news or general interest article about a marine vertebrate. Bring a photocopy or print out (unless you own the original) of the article. It is a good idea to have a couple of back-up articles in case other people find the same article.

Vocabulary:

flukes blowhole baleen rorquals

convergent evolution "great whales" breaching ambergris

pods spout bends echolocation

melon spermaceti Odontoceti Mysticeti

SOFAR delayed implantation otarid phocid ecological equivalents polygamy serial monogamy pinniped sexual dimorphism

bioluminescent

bloom pelagic salps photic zone larvaceans nekton diel migration

pteropods arrow worm Deep Scattering Layer

1. Which pinniped is neither a phocid or an otarid? How does it feed?

2. Where do polar bears live? To what Order do they belong? What is their principle food? Why are they considered omnivores?

3. Which Order of pinnipeds is Not found in polar regions? Which spp live in the arctic and which in the antarctic? What are some of the differences between the 4 major antarctic spp?

5. Diagram an Antarctic food web.

6. Describe the annual migration of Eschrichtius robutus. See your text.

7. How are cetaceans adapted for deep diving? Under what conditions can they still get the “bends” (decompression sickness)?

8. Contrast the feeding styles of the three Families of Mysticeti.

9. Which marine mammal lacks blubber? How does it stay warm?

10. How do Odontocetes generate sounds? Classify odontocete sounds based on their uses. Use your text.

11. Compare and contrast phocids and otarids in terms of morphology and reproduction. Which pinniped shows traits of each group? Why?

12. Which order of marine mammals are herbivores?

13. Where do Kinorhynchs, Loriciferans, Gnathostomulids, and Gastrotrichs live? (habitat not location)

14. Look up Ostracods in your text. What are two places where they are they common?

15. What special problems do pelagic organisms of the photic zone face?

16. How do they meet these challenges?

17. Explain the "El Nino" phenomenon.

18. What are some of the animals you learned about in the

"blue water" film? What five things stood out as especially interesting in the film?