Marine Biology Diaz de Leon Homework & Study Guide #5 due:

Cnidarians, Coral Reefs, Prokaryotes ,Protists

Vocabulary:

sessile endosymbiont hermatypic

clone radial nematocysts medusa

polyp benthic ciliary combs budding

alternation of generations prokaryote eukaryote

nitrogen fixation autotroph heterotroph chemotroph photosynthesis chemosynthesis

detoxify paralytic shellfish poisoning pseudopodia zooxanthellae

blue-green algae foraminifera flagellates radiolarians amoebas

1. What are the groups of Cnidaria?

2. How do they defend themselves?

3. What is the difference between coral and a coral reef?

4. What is the sexuality of sponges, tunicates (usually), and bryozoans? Which group of Cnidarians is like these groups sexually?

5. In what other respect does this Class of Cnidarians differ from the other two Classes? What pattern do you see? What advantage might exist for this pattern?

6. How do cnidarians accomplish fertilization?

7. How does the feeding of cnidarians differ from that of sponges, tunicates and bryozoans?

8. Diagram the complete life cycles of all three Classes of Cnidaria. Lable each life cycle with the Classes, common names and stages shown. When in the cycles is reproduction sexual and when asexual?

9. The zooids of both bryozoans and some colonial hydrozoans are actually clones. In what way are they unusual for clones?

10. What four features distinguish Ctenophora from Cnidaria?

11. What are the needs of and threats to coral reefs?

12. What are the various types of singled celled organisms and their importance? How do they differ?

13. What are the ecological roles of prokaryotes in marine environments?