| Mineral | An inorganic chemical compound made up of one or more elements. It has specific properties including a unique crystal structure. |
| Igneous Rock | Rock that is a direct result of the cooling of molten earth material (magma or lava) |
| Extrusive | Igneous rock formed at the Earth's surface (Volcanism) |
| Intrusive | Igneous rock formed inside the Earth (Plutonism) |
| Sedimentary Rock | Rock formed from the compressed layers of weathered earth materials
as they
are brought into an area by water, wind, ice, and gravity |
| Clastic Rock | Sedimentatry Rock formed from loose rock materials |
| Strata | Layers of the same type of sediments which represent conditions at the time of deposition |