Name: ________________________
Study Sheet: Exam 4 - Geol V11 (Oceanography)
- Chapters 7 & 8
Modern-day meteorologists feel fairly comfortable in
forecasting weather out to about: (video)
The molecular activity
associated with heat causes warm air to _________ than colder air. (132)
Which of these is not
an important factor in determining how much light penetrates the ocean surface?
Seasons are caused by:
(134F)
Many coastal areas
experience daily mini-monsoons called: (141)
Western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents, and
transverse currents all occur within: (154)
Tropical cyclones turn counterclockwise in the Northern
Hemisphere due to: (147)
Coriolis effect
influences any object: (152)
Air circulation within
each atmospheric cell is powered by: (135)
On land, the great
deserts are a result of subtropical high pressure belts occurring between: (video)
At sea, the “horse
latitudes” are areas of: (139)
The most favorable and
“dependable” winds for early sailors were the: (139)
The area where the
Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere trade winds meet is called the:
(138F)
About 2/3 of the heat transferred from the tropics to the poles is
done by:
Seawater density is
largely the result of temperature and salinity and is measured in: (109+)
An air mass is characterized by
having: (142)
Atmospheric air masses
can move: (142)
To officially qualify
as a typhoon (hurricane), winds must blow at least _______ mph. (144)
Large tropical cyclones
are called: (144)
About ___________ of
the world ocean water is involved in surface currents. (151)
The Antarctic
Circumpolar Current is the only major non-gyre ocean current. It is also known
as the: (154)
An oceanic pressure
gradient is the result of: (154)
Which of these terms is
least related to an oceanic gyre? (152+)
Vagn Ekman’s observations described the interaction between:
(153)
The movement of
successively lower water layers at an angle to the one above it sets up a
pattern called: (153)
Upwelling associated
with the
During an El Niño
event, there can be droughts in __________ and flooding in ___________. (164)
Wind blowing on ocean
water within an ocean basin will cause water to “pile up”: (152)
A geostrophic gyre
results when __________ balance each other. (154)
How many great currents
are there in the world ocean? (154)
A western boundary current is located: (154)
The change in atmospheric pressure and wind direction in the
Pacific basin is called:
The string of instrumented
buoys that extends from the western Pacific to the coast of
An El Niño event adversely affects
La Niña is the term
applied to: (164)
In theory, the
direction of transport due to the Coriolis Effect is deflected by:
In reality, the net
direction of Ekman transport, relative to wind direction, is: (153)
Corals and other marine organisms incorporate _______________
into their shells and skeletons and these can then be analyzed to reconstruct
past geochemical events and past climates. (video)
Which of the following is not being used as a tracer to study
ocean currents? (video)
The High Resolution Profiler developed at Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institute is used to study
(video)
North Atlantic Deep
Water is ____________ than Mediterranean Deep Water. (167F)
The “memory” of
thermohaline water masses tells scientists about the ________________ at the time the water was formed. (video)
Antarctic Bottom Water
is notable for retaining its integrity for nearly 1,600 years, while the time
it takes most other deep water to form and rise to the surface is about _______
years. (167)
Cold, relatively fresh
water masses generally form: (video)
Drogues, bottles, and cards are all _____ devices used to
study oceanic currents. (168)
When seawater forms
into ice, the highly saline water resulting from that formation is called:
(166)
Some dense bottom water
forms in the
Which of these is not used to chart the movement of
individual water masses? (168+ and video)
The North Atlantic Deep
Water forms: (166)
Temperature differences
between surface water and deep water are greatest: (165)